Understanding Emergency Escape Breathing Devices (EEBDs) and Self-Contained Breathing Apparatus (SCBAs): Functions and Maintenance

In the maritime industry, safety is paramount, especially when it comes to protecting crew members from hazardous environments. Two critical pieces of safety equipment that play a vital role in ensuring the safety of personnel are Emergency Escape Breathing Devices (EEBDs) and Self-Contained Breathing Apparatus (SCBAs). This article will delve into the functions of these devices, their importance, and the maintenance practices necessary to ensure they operate effectively when needed.

What are EEBDs and SCBAs?

Emergency Escape Breathing Devices (EEBDs)

Function of EEBDs
Emergency Escape Breathing Devices (EEBDs) are designed to provide breathable air in emergency situations, particularly during evacuations from areas filled with smoke, toxic gases, or oxygen-deficient atmospheres. These devices are essential for ensuring the safety of crew members in emergencies, such as fires or chemical spills.
An EEBD typically consists of the following components:

• Oxygen Cylinder: A small cylinder (usually 2.5 liters) that contains breathable air.
• Demand Valve: This valve allows air to flow into the hood or facepiece when the user inhales.
• Hood or Facepiece: This component covers the user’s head, providing a clear view while ensuring a tight seal to prevent contaminants from entering.
• Pressure Indicator: A gauge that shows the remaining air supply, allowing users to monitor their air levels.

Self-Contained Breathing Apparatus (SCBAs)

Function of SCBAs
Self-Contained Breathing Apparatus (SCBAs) are used to provide breathable air in environments that are immediately dangerous to life or health (IDLH). These situations may include firefighting, entering confined spaces, or working in areas with hazardous materials.
An SCBA typically includes:

• High-Pressure Air Cylinders: One or two cylinders that supply air to the user.
• Harness: A system to secure the cylinders to the user’s back for ease of movement.
• Demand Valve: This valve supplies air to the user when inhaling, ensuring a constant flow of breathable air.
• Facemask: A mask that provides a seal around the face, allowing for clear vision and protection from contaminants.
• Pressure Gauge: A device that monitors the air supply, ensuring the user is aware of their remaining air.

Importance of EEBDs and SCBAs

Both EEBDs and SCBAs are critical for ensuring the safety of personnel in hazardous environments. They provide essential protection against toxic gases, smoke, and other harmful substances that can pose serious health risks. In emergency situations, these devices enable crew members to evacuate safely and effectively, minimizing the risk of injury or loss of life.

Key Benefits of EEBDs and SCBAs

1. Life-Saving Equipment: Both devices are designed to provide breathable air in life-threatening situations, allowing users to escape hazardous environments safely.
2. Enhanced Safety: The use of EEBDs and SCBAs significantly reduces the risk of inhaling toxic substances, smoke, or other harmful agents.
3. Compliance with Regulations: The maritime industry is governed by strict safety regulations, including SOLAS (Safety of Life at Sea). Proper use and maintenance of these devices ensure compliance with these regulations.
4. Increased Confidence: Knowing that effective breathing apparatus is available boosts crew confidence in handling emergencies, leading to more effective responses.

Maintenance of EEBDs and SCBAs

To ensure that EEBDs and SCBAs function correctly when needed, regular maintenance and checks are essential. Here’s a detailed look at the maintenance practices for both devices.

Maintenance of Emergency Escape Breathing Devices (EEBDs)

Monthly Checks:

1. Inspect the Pressure Indicator: Ensure the pressure indicator is in the green zone, indicating that the device is fully charged and free from leaks.
2. Clean the Device Case: Keep the EEBD case clean and free from debris to ensure easy access during emergencies.
3. Check Expiry Dates: Record the expiry date of the EEBD, as these devices typically have a lifespan of about 15 years.

Operational Checks:

• Ensure that the EEBD is easily accessible and visible in designated areas, such as the engine control room and workshops.
• Do not open the EEBD for training purposes; instead, use a training piece to familiarize personnel with the device.

Annual Checks:

• Conduct a thorough inspection of the EEBD, including the cylinder, demand valve, and facepiece.
• Replace any worn or damaged components as necessary to ensure the device is in optimal working condition.

Maintenance of Self-Contained Breathing Apparatus (SCBAs)

Daily Checks:

1. Visual Inspection: Inspect the SCBA for any visible damage or wear, ensuring all components are intact.
2. Check the Air Cylinder: Ensure the air cylinder is fully charged and check the pressure gauge for accurate readings.
3. Test the Demand Valve and Facemask: Ensure that the demand valve and facemask are functioning properly and provide a secure fit.

Monthly Checks:

• Conduct a functional test of the SCBA, including checking the alarm system that indicates low air pressure (typically at around 55 bar).
• Clean the facemask and ensure all components are free from contaminants.

Annual Checks:

• Perform a comprehensive inspection of the SCBA, including the air cylinders, valves, and harness.
• Replace any components that show signs of wear or damage.
• Conduct hydrostatic testing of the air cylinders as required (usually every 5 years) to ensure they can withstand high pressure